                          PRESS     [ CAP. 248.        1
CHAPTER 248 
PRESS ACT
To make provision, in place of the Press Ordinance, in respect of printed matters, and in
respect of broadcasting.
23rd August, 1974
ACT XL of 1974, as amended by Acts: LVIII and LIX of 1974; Legal Notice 148 of 1975;
Acts: XII and XVII of 1978, XIII of 1983, VIII of 1990, XII of 1991, X of 1996 and XV of 2000.
ARRANGEMENT OF ACT
Articles 
Part I.  Preliminary  1-2 
Part II.  Press Offences  3-22 
Part III.  Actions arising from Press Offences  23-33 
Part IV.  Newspapers  34-41 
Part V. Broadcasting Services  42-45 
Part VI.  Journalistic Freedoms  46-47 
Part VII.  Miscellaneous  48-53 
  2      CAP. 248. ]     PRESS
PART I
PRELIMINARY
Title.  1. The title of this Act is Press Act.
Interpretation.
Amended by:
X.1996.2.
 2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires -
"broadcast" means the transmission by wire or over the air,
including that by satellite, in encoded or unencoded form of words
or of visual images, whether or not such words or images are in fact
received by any person;
"editor" means the person responsible for the publication of any
printed matter and in respect of a newspaper or broadcasting
service includes any person complying with the provisions of
article 35;
"Malta" has the same meaning as is assigned to it by article 124
of the Constitution of Malta;
"newspaper" means any paper containing news, advertisements,
intelligence, occurrences, or any comments or observations
thereon, printed for sale or to be distributed free or in any other
manner, and published daily or periodically;
"person" includes a body of persons, whether it has a distinct
legal personality or not;
"printed matter" means any writing printed in typographical
characters or by lithography or any similar device or process on
paper or other substance, as well as any bill, placard or poster
containing any sign or script written, printed, painted, embossed or
in any other manner impressed, and includes any record, tape, film
or other means whereby words or visual images may be heard,
perceived or reproduced;
"publication" means any act whereby any printed matter is or
may be communicated to or brought to the knowledge of any
person or whereby any words or visual images are broadcast;
"publisher" means a person who owns an enterprise publishing a
newspaper or who holds a broadcasting licence and includes any
person who owns facilities for the production or reproduction of
any printed matter;
"Registrar" means such person as the Prime Minister may, from
time to time by notice in the Government Gazette, designate as
Press Registrar for the purposes of this Act.
PART II 
PRESS OFFENCES
Means whereby 
offences under this 
Act are committed.
3. The offences mentioned in this Part of this Act are
committed by means of the publication or distribution in Malta of
printed matter, from whatsoever place such matter may originate,
or by means of any broadcast.
                          PRESS     [ CAP. 248.        3
Incitement to take 
away life or liberty 
of President, etc. 
Amended by: 
L.N. 148 of 1975; 
LVIII. 1974.68; 
XIII. 1983.5.
4. Whosoever, by any means mentioned in article 3, shall
incite others to take away the life or the liberty of the President of
Malta or of any Minister, shall for the mere incitement be liable on
conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding nine years and
to a fine ( multa ) not exceeding five hundred liri.
Imputation of 
ulterior motives to 
acts of President of 
Malta. 
Amended by: 
L.N. 148 of 1975; 
LVIII. 1974.68; 
XIII. 1983.5;
X.1996.3.
5. (1) Whosoever, by any means mentioned in article 3, shall
impute ulterior motives to the acts of the President of Malta, or
shall insult, revile or bring into hatred or contempt or excite
disaffection against, the person of the President of Malta, shall be
liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three
months and to a fine ( multa ) not exceeding two hundred liri.
Contempt towards 
the flag.  
(2) Whosoever, by any means mentioned in article 3, shall
insult or show contempt towards the National Flag of Malta shall
be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding
three months and to a fine ( multa ) not exceeding two hundred liri.
Racism and similar 
offences. 
Added by: 
X.1996.3.
Amended by:
XV. 2000.18.
Cap. 413.
6. Whosoever, by any means mentioned in article 3, shall
threaten, insult, or expose to hatred, persecution or contempt, a
person or group of persons because of their race, creed, colour,
nationality, sex disability as defined in article 2 of the Equal
Opportunities (Persons with Disability) Act, or national or ethnic
origin shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not
exceeding three months and to a fine ( multa ).
Obscene libel.
or indirectly, or by the use of equivocal expressions, shall injure
public morals or decency shall be liable on conviction to
imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to a fine
( multa ) or to both such imprisonment and fine.
Divulging 
professional 
secrets. 
Amended by: 
XIII. 1983.5;
X.1996.4.
8. Whosoever, by any means mentioned in article 3, shall
divulge any secret matter confided to him by reason of his
profession or calling, shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment
for a term not exceeding three months or to a fine ( multa ) or to both
such imprisonment and fine.
Malicious 
publication of false 
news. 
Amended by: 
XVII.1978.2.
9. (1) Whosoever shall maliciously, by any means mentioned
in article 3, spread false news which is likely to alarm public
opinion, or disturb public good order or the public peace, or to
create a commotion among the public or among certain classes of
the public, shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term
not exceeding three months or to a fine ( multa ) or to both such
imprisonment and fine:
Provided that, if any disturbance ensues in consequence of
the offence, or if the offence has contributed to the occurrence of
any disturbance, the offender shall be liable to imprisonment for a
term of not less than one month but not exceeding six months and
to a fine ( multa ).
(2) For the purposes of this article, malice shall be presumed in
default of evidence showing that, prior to publication, the accused
took reasonable measures to verify the truthfulness of the news.
  4      CAP. 248. ]     PRESS
Negligent 
publication of false 
news.
10. Whosoever, by any means mentioned in article 3, shall,
through the omission of ordinary diligence, spread false news
which is likely to alarm public opinion, or to disturb public good
order or the public peace, shall be liable on conviction to a fine
( multa ).
Defamatory libel. 
Amended by: 
XIII. 1983.5;
X.1996.5.
11. Save as otherwise provided in this Act, whosoever shall, by
any means mentioned in article 3, libel any person, shall be liable
on conviction -
( a ) if the libel contains specific imputations against such
person tending to injure his character and reputation,
or to expose him to public ridicule or contempt, to
imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or
to a fine ( multa ) or to both such imprisonment and
fine;
( b ) in any other case, to imprisonment for a term not
exceeding one month or to a fine ( multa ).
Plea of 
justification. 
Amended by:
XIII. 1983.5.
12. (1) In any action for a defamatory libel under article 11,
the truth of the matters charged may be enquired into if the
accused, in the preliminary stage of the proceedings, assumes full
responsibility for the alleged libel and declares in his defence that
he wishes to prove the truth of the facts attributed by him to the
aggrieved party:
Provided that the truth of the matters charged may be
enquired into only if the person aggrieved - 
( a ) is a public officer or servant and the facts attributed to
him refer to the exercise of his functions; or 
( b ) is a candidate for a public office and the facts
attributed to him refer to his honesty, ability or
competency to fill that office; or
( c ) habitually exercises a profession, an art or a trade, and
the facts attributed to him refer to the exercise of such
profession, art or trade; or
( d ) takes an active part in politics and the facts attributed
to him refer to his so taking part in politics; or
( e ) occupies a position of trust in a matter of general
public interest:
Provided further that the truth of the matters charged may not
be enquired into if such matters refer to the domestic life of the
aggrieved party.
(2) Where the truth of the matters charged is enquired into in
accordance with the foregoing provisions of this article -
( a ) if the truth of the matters charged is substantially
proved, the defendant shall not be liable to punishment
if the court is satisfied that the proof of the truth has
been for the public benefit and he shall be entitled to
recover from the complainant or plaintiff the costs
sustained by him in any criminal or civil proceedings:
     Provided that the proof of the truth of the matters
                          PRESS     [ CAP. 248.        5
charged shall not exempt the defendant from
punishment for any insult, imputation or allegation
which the court shall consider to have been
unnecessary in attributing to the person aggrieved the
facts the proof of the truth whereof shall have been
allowed;
( b ) if the truth of the matters charged is not substantially
proved, the accused shall be liable to imprisonment for
a term not exceeding six months or to a fine ( multa ) not
exceeding five hundred liri or to both such
imprisonment and fine.
Qualified 
privilege. 
Added by: 
X.1996.6.
12A.   In proceedings instituted under this Act it shall be a
defence for the editor or the publisher to prove that the information
published consisted of an accurate report of a speech made at an
important public event by an identified person who knew or could
have reasonably known or expected that the content of that speech
was to be published in a newspaper or in a broadcasting medium
and that the publication of the said speech was reasonably
justifiable in a democratic society.
Publication of 
matter with intent 
to extort money. 
Amended by: 
XIII. 1983.5.
13. Whosoever, by any means mentioned in article 3, publishes
or threatens to publish any matter touching any other person with
intent to extort money or money’s worth or any other advantage,
shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not
exceeding two years and to a fine ( multa ) not exceeding five
hundred liri.
Instigation to 
commit offence.  
Amended by: 
XIII.1983.5;
X.1996.7.
14. Save as otherwise provided in this Act, whosoever shall, by
any means mentioned in article 3, directly instigate the perpetration
of an offence shall, for the mere fact of such instigation, be liable -
( a ) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding eighteen
months and to a fine ( multa ) in the case of an offence
liable to a punishment higher than imprisonment for
three years;
( b ) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months
and to a fine ( multa ) in the case of an offence liable to
imprisonment for a term exceeding one year but not
exceeding three years;
( c ) to a fine ( multa ) not exceeding two hundred liri or to
detention in the case of any other offence.
Justification of 
crimes.
15. Whosoever, by any means mentioned in article 3, shall
justify or excuse the perpetration of any crime shall be liable on
conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months
or to a fine ( multa ).
Incitement to 
disobey the law.
16. Whosoever, by any means mentioned in article 3, shall
directly incite any person to disobey the law shall, for the mere
incitement, be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not
exceeding six months.
Where instigation 
or incitement has 
produced effect.
17. Where the instigation or incitement by any means
mentioned in article 3 to commit any offence has produced its
effect, the persons responsible for the instigation or incitement
  6      CAP. 248. ]     PRESS
shall be liable to the punishment established for the offence so
committed diminished by one degree.
Importation of 
printed matter.
18. If any person imports into Malta any printed matter being a
copy of any matter which has previously been knowingly sent for
publication abroad and in respect of which, if it had been published
in Malta, such person would have been guilty of an offence under
this Part, such person shall be liable to punishment as if the
publication had taken place in Malta.
Sale of 
incriminated 
publications.
19. Any person who knowingly sells or offers for sale or
distributes or imports for sale or distribution any printed matter
whereby any offence against this Act is committed shall be deemed
to be an accomplice and shall be liable to the same punishment as
the principal offender.
Publication of 
judgment in case of 
conviction under 
article 11. 
Amended by: 
XIII.1983.5;
X.1996.8.
20. (1) In the case of a conviction under article 11, and if so
requested by the injured party, the court shall in the judgment
order, in the case of a newspaper that in a subsequent issue thereof
not later than the next but one, and in the case of a broadcasting
medium that on the day immediately following that on which
judgment is given, the judgment itself or a comprehensive summary
thereof be published or broadcast, as the case may require, in the
same language in which the offence was committed, free of charge;
and if at the time of the judgment or immediately thereafter the
newspaper has ceased publication or the broadcasting medium has
ceased to operate, or in the case of any other printed matter, the
court shall, in the judgment or in a subsequent order, order that
such summary be published or broadcast at the expense of the party
convicted in another newspaper or on another medium within a
period not exceeding one month.
(2) In default of compliance with any such order the party
convicted shall be liable to pay to the complainant a penalty not
exceeding five hundred liri.
(3) The action for the recovery of such penalty shall be
exercised by the complainant before the court making the order.
Right of reply. 
Amended by: 
XVII.1978.3;
X.1996.9.
21. (1) Any person whose actions or intentions have been
misrepresented or who has been subjected to an attack on his
honour, dignity or reputation, or to an intrusion into his private life
by means of or in a newspaper or in any broadcast shall be entitled
to demand and to have published forthwith, free of charge, in the
same newspaper or on the same broadcasting medium, as the case
may require, a statement by way of contradiction or explanation:
Provided that this article shall not apply where the
misrepresentation occurs in a broadcast of a political nature which
is part of a scheme approved by the Broadcasting Authority if the
misrepresentation may be contradicted or explained in another
broadcast which is part of the same scheme either by the person
whose actions or intentions have been misrepresented or by another
person entitled to take part in such other broadcast in representation
of the party to which the person whose actions or intentions have
been misrepresented belongs:
Provided further that no person shall be required to publish
                          PRESS     [ CAP. 248.        7
a statement by way of contradiction or explanation which is
defamatory, or which is not written in the language of the
newspaper, or in any of the languages used by the broadcasting
medium, where it is requested that it should be published.
(2) In the case of a newspaper, a reply in terms of subarticle (1)
shall be published as a separate article and without being
interpolated with any comments or other material that does not
form part of the reply, with equal prominence as the publication in
respect of which the right of reply is exercised and it shall not be
lawful to shorten or edit the reply in such a manner as to prejudice
the effective exercise of the right of reply under this article. The
said statement shall be published not later than the second issue of
the newspaper following the receipt of the request:
   Provided that when the right of reply is availed of in respect of
a publication in a newspaper published at intervals of at least one
week, the said statement shall be published in the issue
immediately following the receipt of the request if such request is
received at least four days before the publication of the said issue
and not later than the second issue following the receipt of the
request in all other cases.
(3) In the case of a broadcast, a statement in terms of subarticle
(1) shall be broadcast not later than the second day following that
on which the request is received; it shall be broadcast in a way and
at the time that it reaches as much as possible the same audience
and with the same prominence, and the time allowed shall be a time
which is twice the time of the broadcast or part of the broadcast
complained of but which is not less than ninety seconds and not
more than one hundred and eighty seconds.
(4) An editor of a newspaper or the manager or other person
responsible for the broadcasting medium who neglects to comply
with any of the foregoing provisions of this article shall be liable
on conviction to a fine ( multa ) of a minimum of two hundred liri
and in the case of such conviction the court shall in its judgement
make such orders upon the party convicted as it deems appropriate
as to ensure respect of the right of reply granted by this article. In
default of compliance with any such order the party convicted shall
be liable to pay the complainant a penalty not exceeding five
hundred liri which shall be enforceable by the same court.
(5) The publication of any statement as required by this article
or any punishment thereunder shall not be a bar to the exercise of
any other action under this Act.
(6) This article shall not apply to any publication mentioned in
article 33 in cases where no action lies under that article in respect
of such publication.
(7) The right of reply under this article shall lapse if the person
demanding such right shall not have claimed it within one month
from the date of the publication of the newspaper or of the
broadcast in respect of which the said right may be exercised.
  8      CAP. 248. ]     PRESS
Saving of other 
laws. 
Amended by: 
XIII. 1983.5;
X.1996.10.  
Cap. 9.
22. Where any act committed by any means mentioned in
article 3 constitutes in terms of the Criminal Code or of any other
law an offence which is not provided for in this Act or which is
punishable with a higher punishment than that imposed by this Act,
such Code or other law shall apply.
PART III
ACTIONS ARISING FROM PRESS OFFENCES
Persons against 
whom proceedings 
may be instituted.
Substituted by:
X.1996.11.
23. Criminal proceedings for any offence under Part II and
civil proceedings under Part III of this Act may be instituted
against each of the following persons:
( a ) the author, if he shall have composed the work for the
purpose of its being published, or if he shall have
consented thereto;
( b ) the editor;
or, if the said persons cannot be identified,
( c ) the publisher.
Proof that the 
writing is a copy 
not to constitute a 
valid defence.
24. It shall be no defence for any of the persons mentioned in
the last preceding article to prove that the writing is a copy, or an
extract, or abridgement, or a translation of another writing which
has been otherwise printed and published.
Person making a 
public speech. 
Added by: 
X.1996.12.
24A.   The criminal and the civil actions mentioned in article 23
may also be instituted against any person who shall have made a
public speech in circumstances where he was aware or could have
reasonably been aware or have expected that the content of his
speech was going to be published in a newspaper or a broadcasting
medium and in fact is in whole or in part so published.
Editor, etc., 
presumed to have 
acted knowingly.
Amended by:
X.1996.13.
25. (1) The persons mentioned in article 23 shall be deemed to
have acted knowingly, in default of evidence to the contrary.
(2) The editor and, where applicable, the publisher shall be
deemed to have acted knowingly if, being aware of the contents of
the newspaper, broadcast or other printed matter, as the case may
be, at any time before its publication, they did not prevent such
publication.
Punishment for 
printer or editor 
who has not acted 
knowingly.
Amended by:
X.1996.14.
26. The persons mentioned in article 23, who shall not have
acted knowingly, shall be liable to the punishments for
contraventions.
Criminal action 
independent of 
civil action.
27. Criminal proceedings are independent of civil proceedings.
Both proceedings may be instituted at the same time or separately. 
                          PRESS     [ CAP. 248.        9
Damages for 
defamatory libel. 
Amended by: 
XIII. 1983.5;
X.1996.15.
28. (1) In the case of defamation, by any means mentioned in
article 3, the object of which is to take away or injure the reputation
of any person, the competent civil court may, in addition to the
damages which may be due under any law for the time being in
force in respect of any actual loss, or injury, grant to the person
libelled a sum not exceeding five thousand liri.
(2) In any case to which this article applies, the defendant may,
in mitigation of damages, prove that he made or offered to make an
apology to the plaintiff for such defamation before the
commencement of the action for damages or, as soon afterwards as
he had an opportunity of doing so in case the action shall have been
commenced before there was an opportunity of making or offering
such apology:
   Provided that the defendant shall not be allowed to make such
proof in mitigation of damages if he has raised the plea of
justification in terms of article 12.
Slander of title and 
trade libel. 
Amended by: 
XIII. 1983.5;
X.1996.16.
29. Whosoever, by any means mentioned in article 3, shall
publish any statement which he knows or with due diligence could
have known to be false and which is likely to damage any business
concern or other property, shall be liable to pay, in addition to the
damages which may be due under any law for the time being in
force in respect of any actual loss or injury, a sum not exceeding
five thousand liri to be fixed by the competent court.
Separate action in 
respect of separate 
imputations. 
Amended by:
XIII. 1983.5;
X.1996.17.
30. It shall be lawful to take action in respect of each and every
imputation in the same libel, and the persons concerned in the libel
may be sued either jointly or severally:
   Provided that the amount of damages or penalties recoverable
in regard to the same libel shall not exceed five thousand liri.
Action to be 
instituted on 
complaint of 
injured party.
Amended by:
X.1996.18. 
Cap. 9.
31. (1) Criminal proceedings for any offence under articles 11
and 21 may not be instituted except on the complaint of the injured
party or of the persons mentioned in article 542 of the Criminal
Code.
(2) All provisions of the Criminal Code relating to proceedings
on private complaint, including in particular the provisions of
article 373 of that Code, shall, so far as applicable, apply to
proceedings on private complaint under this article:
Provided that the provisions of paragraph ( d ) of article 374
of the Criminal Code shall not apply in respect of criminal
proceedings instituted in terms of the foregoing provisions of this
article after the complainant has confirmed his complaint on oath
before the court and the absence of the complainant from the court
at any stage of the proceedings shall not be deemed to constitute
the abandonment of the proceedings or the withdrawal of the
complaint if the said absence is subsequent to the said confirmation
of the complaint on oath by the complainant.
Limitation of 
actions and 
prosecutions.
32. Criminal action for any offence under Part II of this Act
and limitation of the civil action under articles 28 and 29 shall be
barred by prescription after the lapse of one year.
  10      CAP. 248. ]     PRESS
Privileged 
publications. 
Amended by: 
LVIII. 1974.68; 
L.N. 148 of 1975; 
XII. 1978.11;
X.1996.19.
33. No action shall lie in respect of the following publications:
( a ) publications made in pursuance of an Act of
Parliament or by authority of the President of Malta or
of the House of Representatives;
( b ) publications consisting of communications between
public officers, or between such officers and
contractors of the public service or officials of public
corporations, reports of inquiries held in terms of any
law, or statements by public officers that are made in
good faith in the interests of national security,
territorial integrity, public safety, for the prevention of
disorder or crime or for the protection of health or
morals;
( c ) publications of  bona fide  reports of debates of the
House of Representatives, provided the relevant part
of the debate is published, and the defence of any
person against whom any charge is made is not
suppressed or maliciously or negligently curtailed or
altered;
( d ) publications of reports of any proceedings in a court of
justice in Malta, provided such reports are fair reports
of the proceedings and the publication of such reports
or proceedings is not prohibited by law or by the court:
   Provided that it shall not be lawful to publish - 
Cap. 12. ( a ) anything which, by article 994 of the Code of
Organization and Civil Procedure, is forbidden to be
used or produced, or
( b ) any report of the proceedings in any case of
defamation, in which evidence of the truth of the
matters charged is not allowed by law.
PART IV 
NEWSPAPERS
Who may be 
editor.
Amended by:
X.1996.20.
34. Anyone who is resident in Malta and who has attained the
age of eighteen years may edit a newspaper.
Duties of editor 
and publisher.
Amended by:
X.1996.21.
35. (1) Whosoever is the editor or the publisher of a
newspaper shall, within ten days of his becoming editor or
publisher, as the case may be, produce to the Registrar a
declaration containing -
( a ) in the case of the editor - 
(i) his name and surname, identity card number, age
and place of residence; and
(ii) the title and nature of the newspaper, and the
intervals at which it is proposed to be published;
and
                          PRESS     [ CAP. 248.        11
( b ) in the case of a publisher -
(i) if the publisher is an individual, his name,
surname, age, place of residence and identity
card number; 
(ii) if the publisher is a company or other
association of persons, its name, address, the
particulars mentioned in sub-paragraph (i) in
respect of its judicial representative, and, where
applicable, its company or partnership
registration number;
(iii) the title and nature of the newspaper and the
intervals at which it is proposed to be published;
and
(iv) the name and address of the press where the
printing is to take place;
and both the editor and the publisher of any newspaper shall keep
the Registrar at all times informed of his place of residence and
shall communicate to the Registrar any change in his place of
residence within ten days of such change.
(2) If any person fails to comply with any of the provisions of
subarticle (1) he shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine ( multa ).
Registrar of 
newspapers.
36. (1) The Registrar shall keep a register of newspapers and
enter therein the particulars referred to in article 35 and any
changes thereto, and shall make such other entries therein and such
alterations thereto as may be appropriate or as may be prescribed
by regulations made under this Act.
(2) Any person may inspect the register at all reasonable times
during normal office hours and may also, against payment of the
appropriate fee, require a certified copy of any entry in or any
extract from the register kept under this article.
(3) The Registrar shall cancel the registration of a newspaper -
( a ) if he is so requested in writing by the editor thereof; or 
( b ) if, in the case of a newspaper published at intervals not
exceeding one month, such newspaper is not published
for a period exceeding three months, and, in the case
of any other newspaper, if it is not published for a
period exceeding one year.
Delivery of copies 
of newspaper. 
Amended by: 
LVIII. 1974. 68;
X.1996.22. 
37. Every editor of a newspaper shall deliver, free of charge, to
the Registrar, the Attorney General and the Commissioner of Police
a copy of every issue of such newspaper, not later than the day
following that of its publication, and in default thereof, he shall be
liable to a fine ( ammenda ) of one lira for each copy not so
delivered.
Finding of guilty to 
be deemed a 
conviction. 
38. Repealed by Act X.1996.23. 
False statements.
required under article 35 the offender shall, on conviction, be liable
  12      CAP. 248. ]     PRESS
to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months.
Limitation of 
criminal 
prosecution. 
40. (1) Criminal prosecution for any offence under this Part
shall be barred by prescription after the lapse of three months. 
(2) Nevertheless criminal prosecution for the offence
mentioned in article 39 shall be barred after the lapse of one year.
Exceptions.
Substituted by:
X.1996.24.
41. The provisions of this Part shall not apply to any periodical
publication published by, or by order or leave of or for the use of,
the Government of Malta or any of its Ministries or Departments or
the House of Representatives.
Added by: 
XII. 1991.43.
Substituted by:
X.1996.25. 
PART V
BROADCASTING SERVICES
Editors of 
broadcasting 
services. 
42. Every holder of a broadcasting licence in Malta shall
appoint a person having the qualifications listed in article 34 to be
the editor of, and be editorially responsible for, the broadcasting
service provided in terms of the said licence.
Applicability of 
articles 35, 36, 38, 
39 and 40.
43. The provisions of articles 35, 36, 38, 39 and 40 shall
mutatis mutandis  apply to editors of broadcasting services and to
broadcasting licencees as they apply to editors of newspapers and
to newspapers respectively.
Duties of editors. 44. Editors of broadcasting services shall have the same duties
and obligations under this Act as are by the same imposed on
editors of newspapers.
Interpretations. 
Cap. 350.
45. For the purpose of this Part the term "broadcasting licence"
shall have the same meaning as is attributed to it in the
Broadcasting Act.
Substituted by: 
X.1996.26.
PART VI 
JOURNALISTIC FREEDOMS
Confidentiality of 
sources.
46.  No court shall require any person mentioned in article 23
to disclose, nor shall such person be guilty of contempt of court for
refusing to disclose, the source of information contained in a
newspaper or broadcast for which he is responsible unless it is
established to the satisfaction of the court that such disclosure is
necessary in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or
public safety, or for the prevention of disorder or crime or for the
protection of the interests of justice:
   Provided that the court shall not order such disclosure unless it
is also satisfied that in the particular circumstances of the case the
need for investigation by the court outweighs the need of the media
to protect its sources, due regard being taken of the importance of
the role of the media in a democratic society:
                          PRESS     [ CAP. 248.        13
   Provided further that nothing in this article shall be interpreted
as exempting any person mentioned in article 23 from proving the
truth of any facts attributed by him in terms of article 12.
Access to 
information held 
by Government.
47. (1) The Government shall establish procedures to give
representatives of the press the information which helps them fulfil
their public tasks.
(2) Subarticle (1) shall not apply in the following cases:
( a ) where such information could foil, impede, delay or
jeopardise the appropriate process of pending legal
proceedings or where Government or another public
authority would be legally entitled to refuse to grant
such information in a court or other tribunal
established by law;
( b ) where the granting of such information would entail
the disclosure of information received by Government
in confidence;
( c ) where such information would violate an overriding
public interest or a private interest warranting
protection;
( d ) where the information concerns matters related to
national security or public safety;
( e ) when the gathering of the information requested would
place a disproportionate burden on the public
administration.
(3) It shall not be lawful for Government to issue general
instructions that prohibit the giving of information to any
newspaper or licensed broadcasting service holding a particular
view or to any specified newspaper or licensed broadcasting
service.
Amended by:
X.1996.28.
PART VII
MISCELLANEOUS
Right of appeal. 
Amended by: 
LIX. 1974.2; 
VIII.1990.3;
X.1996.27.
48. Every decision of the Court of Magistrates in respect of an
offence under this Act may, in all cases, be appealed against by the
Attorney General or by the complainant, as the case may be, and by
the party convicted.
Offences by bodies 
of persons.
Amended by: 
X. 1996.27. 
49. Where any offence under this Act is committed by a body
of persons, every person who, at the time of the commission of the
offence, was a director, manager, secretary or other similar officer
of such body of persons or was purporting to act in such capacity
shall be guilty of that offence and shall be liable on conviction to
the punishment for that offence unless he proves that the offence
was committed without his knowledge and that he exercised all due
diligence to prevent the commission of the offence.
  14      CAP. 248. ]     PRESS
Regulations.
Amended by: 
X. 1996.27.
50. It shall be lawful for the Prime Minister to make, and when
made, to amend or repeal, regulations for carrying out the
provisions of this Act and in particular, but without prejudice to the
generality of the foregoing, to prescribe anything that is to be or
may be prescribed under this Act.
Transparency 
obligations. 
Substituted by:
X.1996.29.
51. (1) Every newspaper published in Malta shall publish the
name of its publisher and the date on which it was printed.
(2) It shall be lawful for the Registrar to demand and obtain
information from any person concerning the ownership of a
newspaper published in Malta or of a company or other association
of persons that is or at any time was, directly or indirectly, the
owner of such a newspaper or with regard to the transfer of shares
or control of any such company.
(3) Information demanded by the Registrar in terms of
subarticle (2) shall be given within ten days of communication of
the demand to the person from whom the information is required,
and shall be included by the Registrar in the register of newspapers.
(4) Whosoever shall contravene the provisions of this article
shall on conviction be liable to a fine  (multa).
Certificate by 
Registrar to 
constitute proof. 
Added by: 
X.1996.29.
52. In any proceedings before a court, or before a tribunal or
board established by law, a certificate issued and signed by the
Registrar showing who is or at any time was, the editor or the
publisher of a newspaper or a broadcasting service shall constitute
proof of its content unless the contrary is proved.
Transitory 
provision. 
Added by: 
X.1996.29.
53. The provisions of the Press Act as in force prior to the
coming into force of the Press (Amendment) Act, 1996 shall
continue to apply in respect of any civil or criminal action, right of
action, right or obligation relating to or arising out of any
publication made prior to the coming into force of that Act:
   Provided that the provisions of the proviso to article 31(2), of
article 46 and of article 52 as introduced by the Press (Amendment)
Act, 1996 shall come into force with immediate effect.
