                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
CHAPTER 266 
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ACT *
To consolidate with amendments the Trade Unions and Trade Disputes Ordinance 1945
and the Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1948, to make new provisions regulating industrial
relations and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
1st February, 1977
ACT XXX of 1976, as amended by Acts: XXVIII of 1977, XIII of 1983, XXIII of 1986, XXVIII
of 1989, XXIV of 1995,  XII of 2000 and VI of 2001.
ARRANGEMENT OF ACT
*This Act has been repealed by Act XXII of 2002, but all cases pending before the Industrial Tribunal,
constituted under this Act, immediately before the coming into force of the Employment and Industrial
Relations Act, are to continue to be regulated by this Act.
Articles 
Part I.  Preliminary  1-2 
Part II.  Organization of Workers and Employers  3-21 
Status, registration and conduct of trade unions 
and employer’s associations 3-16
Restrictions in legal liability and proceedings and on 
union membership  17-21
Part III.  Settlement of Disputes  22-35 
Voluntary settlement of trade disputes  22-25 
Compulsory settlement of trade disputes  26-35
Part IV.  Supplementary  36-37 
SCHEDULE
List and numbers of offices required to be manned at all
times for the continued provision by the government of
essential services to the community.
  2      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
PART I
PRELIMINARY 
Short title. 1. The short title of this Act is Industrial Relations Act. 
Interpretation. 
Amended by: 
XXVIII. 1977.2.
2. (1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires -
"act" and "action" each includes omission and references to
doing an act or taking action shall be construed accordingly;
"conciliator" means a person appointed as such under article 22
this Act;
"contract of employment" means a contract of service (other than
service as a member of a disciplined force) or of apprenticeship,
whether it is express or implied and (if it is express) whether it is
oral or in writing;
"Council" means the Joint Negotiating Council established by
article 25;
"court of inquiry" means a person or persons appointed as a court
of inquiry under article 22;
"disciplined force" has the same meaning as is assigned to it by
article 47 of the Constitution of Malta;
"employee" means an individual who has entered into or works
under (or, where the employment has ceased, worked under) a
contract of employment; and "employer" and "employment" shall
be construed accordingly, but in relation to a trade dispute
"employment" includes any relationship whereby one person does
work or performs services for another (other than a service as a
member of a disciplined force);
"employers’ association" means an organization consisting
wholly or mainly of employers and of which the principal purpose
is by its rules the regulation of relations between employers and
workers or trade unions;
Cap. 135.
"industrial agreement" has the same meaning as is assigned to it
by article 2 of the Conditions of Employment (Regulation) Act;
"Minister" means the Minister responsible for the Department of
Labour or other department replacing it;
"personal injury" includes any disease and any impairment of a
person’s physical or mental condition;
"prescribed" means prescribed by this Act or by or under rules or
regulations made under this Act;
"public office", "public officer" and "public service" have the
same meaning as is assigned to them by article 124 of the
Constitution of Malta;
"registered", in relation to a trade union or an employers’
association and to the rules thereof, means registered under this
Act;
"Registrar" means the Registrar of Trade Unions appointed or
designated under article 6;
                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
"registration" means registration under this Act of a trade union
or of an employers’ association and of the rules thereof;
"trade dispute" means a dispute between employers and workers,
or between workers and workers, which is connected with any one
or more of the following matters:
( a ) terms and conditions of employment, or the physical
conditions in which any workers are required to work; 
( b ) engagement or non-engagement, or termination or
suspension of employment or the duties of
employment, of one or more workers;
( c ) allocation of work or the duties of employment as
between workers or groups of workers;
( d ) matters of discipline;
( e ) facilities for officials of trade unions;
( f ) machinery for negotiation or consultation, and other
procedures, relating to any of the foregoing matters,
including the recognition by employers or employers’
associations of the right of a trade union to represent
workers in any such negotiation or consultation or in
the carrying out of such procedures;
"trade union" means an organization consisting wholly or mainly
of workers and of which the principal purpose is by its rules the
regulation of relations between workers and employers or
employers’ associations;
"Tribunal" means the Industrial Tribunal established by article
26;
Cap. 135.
"unfair dismissal", in relation to a worker, means the termination
by the employer in respect of that worker of a contract of
employment for an indefinite time (other than probationary
employment within the meaning of the Act hereinafter mentioned)
being a termination which is not made solely on the grounds of
redundancy or for a good and sufficient cause in accordance with
the relevant provisions of article 34 of the Conditions of
Employment (Regulation) Act, or which is made in contravention
of the provisions of article 18(4), or which, though made on
grounds of redundancy or for a good and sufficient cause, is
discriminatory; and includes any failure by the employer to re-
employ such person or to re-employ him as provided in sub-article
(2) of the said article 34 of the Act aforesaid;
"worker" means an individual who works or normally works or
seeks to work - 
( a ) under a contract of employment; or
( b ) under any contract (whether express or implied and, if
express, whether oral or in writing) whereby he
undertakes to do or perform personally any work or
services for another party to the contract who is not a
professional client of his; or
( c ) in employment under or for the purposes of a
  4      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
department of Government, otherwise than as a
member of a disciplined force, in so far as any such
employment does not fall within paragraph ( a ) or ( b )
of this definition,
and in relation to a trade dispute to which an employer is a party,
"worker" includes any worker even if not employed by that
employer.
(2) For the purposes of this Act, a dispute to which a trade
union or an employers’ association is a party shall be treated as a
dispute to which workers or, as the case may be, employers are
parties.
(3) Any provision of this Act requiring compliance with or
observance of any provision of this Act (however such requirement
is worded), or making provision with respect to any contravention
thereof, shall be construed as requiring compliance with and
observance of, or as equally applicable to, any provision of any
regulation or rule made under this Act.
PART II 
ORGANIZATION OF WORKERS AND EMPLOYERS
Status, registration and conduct of trade unions and employers’ 
associations
Status of trade 
unions and 
employers’ 
associations.
3. (1) A trade union and an employers’ association shall, for
all purposes of law, be treated as an association of persons and not
as a body corporate, but - 
( a ) it shall be capable of making contracts;
( b ) all property belonging to the union or association shall
vest in the union or association, but all powers,
whether of disposal, administration or otherwise, in
relation to such property shall be exercisable by or by
the authority of the body of persons, by whatever name
called, entrusted by the rules of the union or
association with the conduct and management of its
business;
( c ) it shall be capable of suing and, subject to the
provisions of this Act, of being sued, whether in
proceedings relating to property or founded on
contract, tort or quasi-tort, or any other cause of action
whatsoever;
Cap. 249.
( d ) proceedings in respect of any offence alleged to have
been committed by it or on its behalf may be brought
against any of its officers or other officials as provided
in article 13 of the Interpretation Act;
( e ) any judgment or order made in any proceedings shall
be enforceable against any property of the union or
association.
                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
(2) The purposes of any trade union or employers’ association
shall not, by reason only that they are in restraint of trade, be
unlawful so as - 
( a ) to make any member of the union or association liable
to criminal proceedings; or
( b ) to make any agreement void or voidable, nor shall any
such rule of a trade union or employers’ association be
unlawful or unenforceable by reason only that it is in
restraint of trade.
Rules of trade 
unions and 
employers 
associations.
4. (1) The rules of every trade union and of every employers’
association shall contain provisions in respect of the matters
mentioned in the following sub-articles of this article.
(2) The rules must - 
( a ) specify the name of the trade union or employers’
association, the address of its principal office and the
objects for which it is established;
( b ) make provision as to the purposes for which, and the
manners in which, any property or funds of the union
or association are authorised to be applied or invested;
( c ) if any financial benefits are to be available for
members of the trade union or of the employers’
association out of its property or funds, make
provision as to the amounts of those benefits and the
circumstances in which they are to be available to
members;
( d ) specify the offences for which the union or association
may under the rules expel a member or take other
disciplinary action, the penalties applicable for each of
those offences, and the procedure for the hearing of
cases in which offences against the rules are alleged;
( e ) make provision for the election of a governing body
and for its re-election at reasonable intervals, for the
election or appointment of officers of the union or
association and other officials, and for the manner in
which the governing body, officers and other officials
can be removed from office;
( f ) make provision for the keeping of full and accurate
accounts by the union or association, for the
appointment of auditors and for the annual auditing of
the accounts;
( g ) make provision for the inspection of the books and
names of members of the union or association by every
person having an interest in the funds of the union or
association;
( h ) specify the manner in which any rules of the union or
association can be made, altered or revoked, and the
circumstances and manner in which the union or
association can be dissolved.
  6      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
(3) Every trade union and every employers’ association shall at
the request of any person supply him with a copy of the rules, as in
force at the date of the request, either free of charge or on payment
of a sum not exceeding ten cents.
Trade unions and 
employers’ 
associations not to 
carry on business 
unless registered.  
Amended by: 
XIII. 1983.5.
5. (1) A trade union or an employers’ association, and any
member, officer or other official thereof, shall not perform any act
in furtherance of any of the purposes for which it is formed unless
such union or association has first been registered.
(2) Any trade union or employers’ association, and any
member, officer or other official thereof, who contravenes the
provisions of sub-article (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall
be liable on conviction to a fine ( multa ) not exceeding one hundred
liri.
Registrar of Trade 
Unions.
6. (1) For the purposes of this Act, a public officer shall be
appointed as, or designated to perform the functions of, Registrar
of Trade Unions.
(2) The Registrar shall perform the functions and duties
conferred on him by this Act, and for the purpose of the exercise of
those functions and of the performance of those duties he shall have
power to require any person to give him any relevant information
and to produce to him any relevant document, and may also
administer oaths.
Registration of 
trade unions and 
employers’ 
associations.
7. (1) Any seven or more members of a trade union or of an
employers’ association may, by subscribing their names to the rules
of the union or association, and otherwise complying with the
provisions of this Act relating to registration, register the union or
association under this Act:
   Provided that if any of the purposes of a trade union or of an
employers’ association is unlawful the registration of such union or
association shall be void.
(2) In determining the number of the members of a trade union
for any of the purposes of this Act no account shall be taken of any
individual who has not attained the age of sixteen years or who
does not reside in Malta; and in determining the number of the
members of an employers’ association no account shall be taken of
any person with whom or for whom no individual has entered into
or works under a contract of employment for service in Malta.
Provisions with 
respect to 
registration.
8. (1) Every trade union and every employers’ association
shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of this Act: 
   Provided that, in respect of unions or employers’ associations
registered in accordance with article 7(3), those provisions shall
apply only to the extent that they are applicable.
(2) Without prejudice to any other provision of this Act
relating to registration, the following provisions shall have effect
with respect to the registration of trade unions and employers’
associations under this Act, that is to say - 
( a ) an application to register the union or association and
                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
its rules shall be forwarded or produced to the
Registrar together with two printed copies of the rules
and with a list of the names of the officials of the
union or association in which there shall also be shown
their respective offices;
( b ) no trade union or employers’ association shall be
registered under a name identical with that by which
another union or association is for the time being
registered under this Act, or so nearly resembling any
such name as to be likely to deceive the public;
( c ) if the Registrar is satisfied that the union or
association have complied with the provisions of this
Act relating to registration, or if the Court of Appeal
has so directed under article 9, he shall register the
union or association, as the case may be, and its rules;
( d ) upon registering a trade union or an employers’
association, the Registrar shall issue a certificate of
registration.
(3) Every alteration of the rules of a registered trade union or
employers’ association shall be registered with the Registrar, and
any such alteration shall not take effect except from the date of its
registration or from such later date as may be specified in the rules.
(4) The rules of any registered trade union or employers’
association shall not be so altered as to cease to satisfy or comply
with the provision of this Act applicable thereto; and the Registrar
shall not register any rules, or alteration to the rules, which
contravene the foregoing provisions of this article.
Refusal or 
cancellation of 
registration.
Amended by:
VI. 2001.14.
9. (1) If the Registrar is satisfied that - 
( a ) the applicants for registration have not been duly
authorised to apply for registration; or
( b ) any of the purposes of the trade union or employers’
association is unlawful; or
( c ) the application for registration or the rules of the union
or association are not in conformity with the
provisions of this Act,
he shall refuse registration.
(2) It shall be lawful for the Registrar to cancel the registration
of any trade union or employers’ association -
( a ) at the request of the union or association, to be
evidenced in such manner as he may require;
( b ) on proof to his satisfaction that a certificate of
registration has been obtained by fraud or mistake, or
that the registration was void, or that the union or
association has wilfully contravened any of the
provisions of this Act;
( c ) if, for any reason, the rules of the union or association
are not in conformity with the provisions of this Act: 
  8      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
           Provided that this paragraph shall not apply to a trade
union or employers’ association registered under
article 7(3) except after the expiration of one year
from such registration;
( d ) if he is satisfied that the union or association has
ceased to exist;
( e ) if he is satisfied that the membership of the union or
association has been reduced to less than seven
members calculated as provided in article 7(2).
(3) Where the Registrar refuses to register a trade union or an
employers’ association, he shall forthwith inform the applicants in
writing of the refusal and of the grounds thereof.
(4) Where the Registrar proposes to cancel the registration of a
trade union or of an employers’ association, he shall give notice of
the proposed cancellation to the union or association specifying the
reason therefor; and the registration shall not be cancelled before
the expiration of two months from the giving of such notice, nor
shall the registration be cancelled if, prior to the cancellation, the
union or association has remedied any default or otherwise taken
steps to avoid cancellation. If notwithstanding any representations
made, or other steps taken, by the union or association, the
Registrar decides that he ought to cancel the registration, he shall
inform the union or association in writing of his decision:
Provided that, where the union or association has ceased to
exist, the Registrar may cancel the registration without complying
with any of the provisions of this sub-article and give notice of the
cancellation in the Gazette.
(5) From any refusal by the Registrar to register a trade union
or an employers’ association and from any decision by him to
cancel any such registration, an appeal shall lie to the Court of
Appeal by application made not later than seven days from the
communication by him of his refusal or decision as required by this
article. On any such appeal the court may make such orders as it
may deem proper, including a direction as to the costs of appeal;
and any such order of the court shall be final.
Cap. 12. (6) The board established under article 29 of the Code of
Organization and Civil Procedure may make rules governing such
appeals, providing for the method of giving evidence, prescribing
the procedure to be followed, the manner of notifying the Registrar
of the appeal and generally providing for such other matter as the
court may deem necessary or expedient.
(7) The Minister responsible for justice may by regulations
under this subarticle establish the fees payable in the registry of the
court for the filing of judicial acts in connection with appeals under
this article:
Provided that until such fees are so established by the
Minister, the fees established in Schedule A to the Code of
Organization and Civil Procedure shall apply.
                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
(8) The Registrar shall be entitled to be heard on any such
appeal and shall be given the opportunity to do so.
(9) Any rules made under article 10(4) of the Trade Unions and
Trade Disputes Ordinance, 1945 *  and in force immediately before
the coming into force of this Act shall continue in force until they
are revoked or substituted by rules made under sub-article (6) and
subject to any amendments so made thereto, and shall be deemed to
have been made under that sub-article and shall be treated and dealt
with accordingly.
Register of trade 
unions and 
employers’ 
associations.
10. (1) The Registrar shall keep a register of all trade unions
and employers’ associations registered under this Act, showing the
names of such unions and associations and such other particulars as
the Registrar may deem appropriate.
(2) The register of trade unions and employers’ associations
shall be open to inspection by any person free of charge at all
reasonable times.
Register of 
members to be kept 
by trade unions and 
employers’ 
associations.
11. (1) Every trade union and every employers’ association
shall keep an up-to-date record of the names of the members of the
union or association, as the case may be, showing their respective
addresses and trades or occupations.
(2) The Registrar shall have power at any time to inspect such
records or to cause such records to be inspected by a person
authorised by him in that behalf, and every trade union and every
employers’ association shall give him and any other person
authorised as aforesaid all reasonable facilities for that purpose.
Annual returns.
of July in every year, the Registrar shall by notice in the Gazette,
call upon and require all registered trade unions and employers’
associations to transmit to him within fifteen days -
( a ) a list of the names of the officers of the union or
association, showing also the office held by each of
them;
( b ) a declaration that the names of members and other
particulars shown in the record required to be kept by
article 11 have been brought up-to-date and that the
necessary alterations have been made to the said
record for that purpose;
( c ) a statement of the receipts, funds and expenditure of
the union or association in respect of the preceding
year;
( d ) a copy of the annual report showing the activities of
the union or association during the preceding year or,
if no such report has been made, a statement signed by
the secretary of the union or association showing the
said activities during that year,
*Repealed by article 36(1) of the Act as originally enacted, which article has been
omitted under the Statute Law Revision Act, 1980.
  10      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
and every trade union and every employers’ association shall
comply with such requirement.
Accounting 
records.
13. (1) Every trade union and every employers’ association
shall -
 ( a ) cause to be kept proper accounting records with
respect to its transactions and its assets and liabilities,
that is to say such records as are necessary to give a
true and fair view of the state of affairs of the union or
association and to explain its transactions; and
( b ) establish and maintain a satisfactory system of control
of its accounting records, its cash holdings and all its
receipts and remittances.
(2) Every trade union and every employers’ association shall
appoint an auditor or auditors having the qualifications required by
this article to audit its accounts; and every trade union or
employers’ association which has been in existence for more than
twelve months shall once at least in every calendar year cause such
accounts to be prepared and audited by such auditor or auditors as
aforesaid.
(3) Every trade union and every employers’ association shall,
not later than one month from the auditing of the accounts, transmit
a copy of such accounts to the Registrar.
(4) Every trade union and every employers’ association shall at
the request of any of its members supply him with a copy of its
most recent audited accounts either free of charge or on payment of
a sum not exceeding five cents.
Cap.168.
(5) A person shall be qualified to audit the accounts of a trade
union or of an employers’ association if he is qualified to audit the
accounts of a company which is not a private company in
accordance with the provisions of the Commercial Partnerships
Ordinance * .
Report by 
Registrar.
14. (1) In the month of August of each year the Registrar shall
make out and send to the Minister a report on the working of this
Part of this Act. The report shall include a list of all registered trade
unions and employers’ associations and a statement as to the
inspections carried out by the Registrar under article 11.
(2) The Minister shall cause the report to be published in the
Gazette.
Rules with respect 
to registration.
15. (1) The Minister may make rules with respect to the
registration of trade unions and employers’ associations and in
particular, but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing,
with respect to -
( a ) the seal, if any, to be used by the Registrar for the
purposes of registration;
( b ) the forms to be used for such registration and for any
application therefor;
*Repealed by Act XXV of 1995 (Chapter 386).
                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
( c ) the inspection of registers and documents kept by the
Registrar and the making of copies of any entries
therein;
( d ) the fees to be charged for registration, for the
inspection of any register or other document, for any
copies made out of any entries or documents, and for
any other service provided or other matter prescribed
or permitted by this Act;
( e ) generally for carrying into effect the provisions of this
Part of this Act.
(2) Any rules made under article 19 of the Trade Unions and
Trade Disputes Ordinance, 1945 *  and in force immediately before
the coming into force of this Act shall continue in force until they
are revoked or substituted by rules made under sub-article (1) and
subject to any amendments so made thereto, and shall be deemed to
have been made under that sub-article and shall be treated and dealt
with accordingly.
Offences against 
articles 11, 12 and 
13 of this Act. 
Amended by: 
XIII. 1983.5.
16. (1) If a trade union or an employers’ association refuses or
wilfully neglects to perform a duty imposed on it by or under any of
the provisions of article 11, 12 or 13, the trade union or employers’
association shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on
conviction to a fine  (multa)  not exceeding one hundred liri.
(2) Any person who wilfully alters or causes to be altered a
document which is required for the purposes of the provisions of
article 11, 12 or 13, with intent to falsify the document or to enable
a trade union or employers’ association to evade any of those
provisions, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on
conviction to imprisonment for a period not exceeding one year or
to a fine ( multa ) of five hundred liri or to both such imprisonment
and fine.
Restrictions on legal liability and proceedings and on union 
membership
Immunity of trade 
unions and 
employers’ 
associations to 
actions in tort.
 17. (1) Subject to the provisions of sub-article (2), no action
in tort or quasi-tort shall lie in respect of any act - 
( a ) alleged to have been done by or on behalf of a trade
union or by or on behalf of an employers’ association;
or
( b ) alleged to be threatened or to be intended to be done as
aforesaid, 
against the union or association in its own name, or against any
members, officers or officials of the union or association on behalf
of themselves and all other members of the union or association.
(2) Sub-article (1) shall not affect the liability of a trade union
or of an employers’ association to be sued in respect of the
following, if not arising from any act done in contemplation or
*Repealed by sub-article (1) of article 36 of the Act as originally enacted which article
has been omitted under the Statute Law Revision Act, 1980.
  12      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
furtherance of a trade dispute, that is to say - 
( a ) any negligence, nuisance or breach of duty, (whether
imposed on them by any rule of law or by or under any
enactment) resulting in personal injury to any person;
or
( b ) without prejudice to paragraph ( a ), breach of any duty
so imposed in connection with the ownership,
possession, control or use of property, whether
movable or immovable.
Acts in 
contemplation or 
furtherance of 
trade disputes. 
Amended by: 
XXVIII. 1977.3;
XII. 2000.3.
18. (1) An act done by a person in contemplation or
furtherance of a trade dispute shall not be actionable in tort or
quasi-tort on the grounds only - 
( a ) that it induces another person to break a contract of
employment; or
( b ) that it consists in his threatening that a contract of
employment (whether one to which he is a party or
not) will be broken or that he will induce another
person to break a contract of employment to which that
other person is a party; or
( c ) that it is an interference with the trade, business or
employment of another person, or with the right of
another person to dispose of his capital or his labour as
he wills.
(2) An act which by reason of sub-article (1) is itself not
actionable, and a breach of contract in contemplation or furtherance
of a trade dispute, shall not be regarded as the doing of an unlawful
act or as the use of unlawful means for the purposes of establishing
liability in tort or quasi-tort.
(3) An agreement or combination by two or more persons to do
or procure the doing of any act in contemplation or furtherance of a
trade dispute shall not be actionable in tort or quasi-tort if the act is
one which, if done without any such agreement or combination,
would not be actionable in tort or quasi-tort.
(4) An act done by a person in contemplation or furtherance of
a trade dispute and in pursuance of a directive issued by a trade
union, whether he belongs to it or not, shall not be actionable in
damages on the ground only that it consists in a breach of a contract
of employment; and any act done as aforesaid, not being an act in
breach of an industrial agreement, or of a settlement, decision or
agreement which is still binding in accordance with the provisions
of article 23 or 25, or of a decision or award of the Tribunal, shall
not by itself entitle the employer to terminate the contract of
employment of, or discriminate against, any person doing any such
act as aforesaid, and shall not constitute a break in the service of
such person.
Cap. 9. (5) The provisions of article 338( t ) of the Criminal Code shall
not apply to any agreement or combination by two or more persons
to do or procure the doing of any act in contemplation or
furtherance of a trade dispute.
                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
(6) Sub-article (4) of this article shall not apply to:
( a ) persons employed at the Air Traffic Control Centre at
the Malta International Airport and in the Airport Fire
Fighting Section of the said airport; and
( b ) such number of public officers holding or otherwise
employed in any of the offices in the public service
listed in the Schedule to this Act as indicated in the
said Schedule to be required to be manned at all times
for the continued provision by the Government of
essential services to the community.
(7) Where the number of public officers holding or employed
in any of the offices aforesaid is greater than the number indicated
in the said Schedule as essentially required, sub-article (6) shall
apply only to the more senior among those officers who together
make up that number (excluding only any of them who are on leave
authorized expressly for the purposes of this sub-article, and only
while they are so on leave), seniority being determined by any
seniority inherent in the office itself or, in the absence of such
seniority, by the length of the officers’ service in the office held by
them or in which they are employed at the relevant time, and in
cases of equal lengths of service by the age of the officers having
the same length of service.
(8) Any public officer to whom, by virtue of sub-articles (6)
and (7), sub-article (4) thereof does not apply, shall have his
service with the Government terminated forthwith if, in
contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute or of any other
action taken by two or more public officers or other workers
(whether or not in pursuance of a directive issued by a trade union),
or in support thereof or in sympathy therewith, such officer refuses
or otherwise fails to carry out his full duties in accordance with his
terms of service or his conditions of employment and under the
direction of the competent authorities of the Government:
Provided that, with respect to a public officer who, on 18th
July 1977, was already refusing or otherwise failing to carry out his
duties as aforesaid, his service with the Government shall not be
terminated on the ground only of any such refusal or failure during
the period ending at noon of 20th July, 1977 if, before the
expiration of that period, he declares in writing to the Minister
responsible for health his readiness to carry out his full duties as
provided in this sub-article and takes up such duties immediately
thereafter; and where the service of any such officer is terminated
under this sub-article, he shall, by way of compensation, be paid a
sum equal to the salary of such officer for three months.
(9) Where a trade dispute has arisen or action as is referred to
in sub-article (8) has been taken or either of them is contemplated,
it shall be presumed that a refusal or failure by a public officer to
perform duties as provided by that sub-article was made in
contemplation or furtherance of such dispute or action, or in
support thereof or in sympathy therewith, and no evidence to the
contrary shall be allowed, unless as soon as possible after such
refusal or failure such officer makes a declaration in writing to the
  14      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
Minister responsible for health of his readiness to carry out such
duties as provided in that sub-article and takes up such duties
immediately the inability to perform them has ceased.
(10) The Schedule to this Act may be altered, added to or
otherwise amended - 
( a ) by a resolution of the House of Representatives; or 
( b ) by the Prime Minister by order in the Gazette: 
         Provided that an order as aforesaid may not increase
the total number of officers to more than seventy.
Peaceful picketing. 19. It shall be lawful for one or more persons in contemplation
or furtherance of a trade dispute to attend at or near - 
( a ) a place where another person works or carries on
business; or
( b ) any other place where another person happens to be,
not being a place where he resides,
for the purpose only of peacefully obtaining or communicating
information, or peacefully persuading any person to work or
abstain from working.
Use or threats of 
violence.  Amended 
by: 
XIII. 1983.5.
20. Any person who, for the purpose of compelling any other
person to abstain from doing or to do any act which such other
person has a legal right to do or to abstain from doing, wrongfully
and without legal authority - 
( a ) uses or threatens to use violence against such person,
or the wife, husband or child of such person, or a
member of his household, or causes or threatens to
cause damage to his property;
( b ) persistently follows such other person from place to
place;
( c ) watches or besets the house or other place where such
other person resides or the approaches to such house or
place;
( d ) deprives such person, or in any manner hinders him in
the use of, any tools, clothing or other property owned
or used by such other person,
shall be guilty of an offence and be liable on conviction to
imprisonment for a period not exceeding three months or to a fine
( multa ) not exceeding two hundred liri or to both such
imprisonment and fine, without prejudice to any heavier
punishment to which the offence may be liable under any other
enactment.
Restriction on 
union membership.
21. (1) The holder of an office in the public service declared
by the Prime Minister, after consultation with the bodies referred to
in article 25(2), to be an office the holder whereof may not be a
member of a trade union in respect of which he may be required to
represent or advise the Government, shall not become, and if he is
shall cease to be, a member of that trade union; and the provisions
of this sub-article shall be an implied term of his terms of service
                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
with the Government.
(2) Subject to the provisions of sub-article (3), in respect of a
person employed in such managerial or executive post, in any
corporation or other body established by law or in any company or
other partnership or in any other body having a distinct legal
personality (hereinafter referred to as a "corporate employer"), as
will require the holder of that position to represent or advise the
corporate employer in its relations with the union or unions
representing its other employees or any part thereof, it shall be an
implied term of the contract of employment of such person that he
shall not, while occupying such position, be a member of any of the
trade unions aforesaid.
(3) Sub-article (2) shall apply only to such posts, being not
more than three in respect of any one corporate employer, as such
employer shall have indicated in writing to the trade union of which
the holder of the said posts may not be a member.
PART III 
SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 
Voluntary settlement of trade disputes
Powers of the 
Minister for 
promoting 
conciliation and 
preventing 
disputes.
22. (1) Where a trade dispute exists or is apprehended, the
Minister may, if he thinks fit, exercise any one or more of the
following powers:
( a ) he may appoint a person to mediate between the
parties to the dispute;
( b ) he may appoint a conciliator with the object of
enabling the parties to the dispute to meet together
with a view to reaching an amicable settlement;
( c ) he may appoint a court of inquiry to inquire into and
establish the causes and circumstances of the dispute; 
( d ) he may take any other step which he considers to be
conducive to an amicable settlement of the dispute, 
and may require any person or body appointed under the foregoing
paragraphs of this sub-article to do any other act and perform any
other function, and to make such recommendations, as the Minister
may deem appropriate in the circumstances.
(2) Where a trade dispute exists or is apprehended, the Minister
may also, on an application by both parties to the dispute, refer
such dispute to the Industrial Tribunal.
(3) A person appointed under sub-article (1)( a ) or ( b ) shall
communicate with the parties to the dispute, shall consider the
causes and circumstances thereof, and shall endeavour to bring
about an amicable settlement of the dispute as expeditiously as
possible; and he shall make such reports to the Minister as he may
deem appropriate or as the Minister may require.
  16      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
Cap. 12.
(4) A court of inquiry shall have the same powers as are by the
Code of Organization and Civil Procedure conferred on a superior
court, except that it shall not have the power to order the detention
of any person, and without prejudice to the generality of the
aforesaid, a court of inquiry may summon witnesses and administer
the oath, appoint assessors, and require any person who appears to
it to have special knowledge of the matter of the inquiry to furnish,
in writing or otherwise, and to confirm on oath, such opinion and
such particular relating to that matter as the court may require.
Where the court consists of more than one person, the oath shall be
administered by the Chairman.
(5) Where any step taken by the Minister, or other thing done,
under article 5 of the Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1948 *
would, but for the repeal of that Act by this Act, have continued in
operation or to be done or otherwise to have effect, such step or
thing shall, notwithstanding such repeal, continue in operation or to
be done or otherwise to have effect as if it had been taken or done
under this article; and references to the exercise of powers or steps
taken under this article shall include references to the exercise or
powers or to steps taken under article 5 of the Act aforesaid.
Voluntary 
settlements.
23. (1) If a settlement of a trade dispute (being a settlement
not inconsistent with any enactment, or other instrument having the
force of law, regulating wages and other terms and conditions of
employment) is reached following the exercise by the Minister of
any of the powers conferred by article 22, and a memorandum of
the terms of that settlement has been drawn up in writing and has
been signed by the parties or their representatives and a copy
thereof, together with a declaration that is a settlement for the
purposes of this article signed as aforesaid, has been delivered to
the Minister - 
( a ) it shall not be open to any of the parties to seek by
unilateral action a revision of the terms of the
settlement before the expiration of at least one year
from the date of that settlement; and
( b ) any such settlement shall be binding on the parties to it
and, as from the date of such settlement or as from
such other date as may be specified therein, it shall be
an implied term of the contract between the employers
and the workers to whom it relates that the wages to be
paid and the terms and conditions of the employment
to be observed under the contract shall be in
accordance with such settlement until varied by a
subsequent voluntary settlement or agreement, or by a
subsequent decision or award of the Industrial
Tribunal.
(2) Any settlement to which articles 7 and 8 of the Conciliation
and Arbitration Act, 1948 †  applied immediately before the coming
*Repealed by article 36(1) of the Act as originally enacted which article has been
omitted under the Statute Law Revision Act, 1980.
†Repealed by article 36(1) as originally enacted which article has been omitted under
the Statute Law Revision Act, 1980.
                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
into force of this Act, shall immediately be deemed to be and
treated as a settlement to which this article applies.
Regulations.
following purposes - 
( a ) for regulating the procedures to be followed by
conciliators;
( b ) for regulating the composition and procedure of courts
of inquiry.
(2) Any regulations made under article 9 of the Conciliation
and Arbitration Act, 1948 * , and in force immediately before the
coming into force of this Act, shall continue in force until they are
revoked or substituted by regulations made under sub-article (1)
and subject to any amendments so made thereto, and shall be
deemed to have been made under that sub-article and shall be
treated and dealt with accordingly.
Negotiating 
machinery for 
public officers.
25. (1) There is hereby established a Joint Negotiating
Council as a special negotiating machinery with respect to matters
concerning the conditions of service of public officers:
   Provided that the Council and any other negotiating machinery
established by or under this article, shall not in any way deal with
or encroach on any matter falling within the functions of the Public
Service Commission.
(2) The Council shall consist of not more than eight members
representing the Government, four members representing the
General Workers’ Union and four members representing the
Confederation of Malta Trade Unions. One of the members
representing the Government shall be or act as the Chairman of the
Council.
(3) The decisions of the Council shall be taken only by a
unanimous vote. Any decision so taken or agreement so reached
shall be binding on the Government and on all public officers to
whom that decision or agreement applies.
(4) Matters concerning the conditions of service of particular
articles or areas of public officers shall normally be first discussed
and dealt with by a Negotiating Committee consisting of not more
than four members representing the Government and not more than
four members representing the trade union having as its members
the largest number of public officers in the relevant article or area
aforesaid. Decisions shall be taken only by a unanimous vote. Any
agreement so reached within a Negotiating Committee shall be
binding on the Government and on all the public officers to whom
the agreement applies. If no agreement can be reached in a
Negotiating Committee either side may refer the matter to the
Council.
(5) Where in respect of any trade dispute falling within the
functions of the Council an agreement acceptable to all the
*Repealed by sub-article (1) of article 36 as originally enacted which article has been
omitted under the Statute Law Revision Act, 1980.
  18      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
members cannot be reached, and the Chairman of the Council
registers disagreement, the Chairman shall, if so requested by the
representatives of the Government or by the representatives of the
General Workers’ Union or by the representatives of the
Confederation of Malta Trade Unions, notify the Minister in
writing accordingly within fifteen days of any such request.
(6) The Minister may, after consultation with the Council,
make regulations to give fuller effect to the provisions of this
article and to any other relevant provisions of this Act, and in
particular, but without prejudice to the generality of the aforesaid,
such regulations may - 
( a ) determine the procedure of the negotiating machinery
established by this article;
( b ) specify in more detail and otherwise determine the
functions, powers and duties of any such machinery
and of any sub-committee or other body thereof, and
of any of their chairmen or other members;
( c ) provide for any matter connected with or ancillary to
any of the foregoing matters.
(7) The provisions of article 23 shall apply to an agreement
reached as provided in sub-article (3) or sub-article (4) as they
apply to a settlement referred to in that article.
Compulsory settlement of trade disputes
Establishment and 
composition of 
Industrial Tribunal.
Amended by: 
XXIV.1995.362.
26. (1) There is hereby established a tribunal to be known as
the Industrial Tribunal.
(2) Save as in this sub-article provided, the Industrial Tribunal
shall consist of a Chairman and two other members, who shall be
appointed and shall serve as follows:
( a ) the Chairman of the Tribunal shall be one of a panel of
persons appointed by the Prime Minister after
consultation with trade unions or organizations of
trade unions and with employers’ associations or other
organization representing employers, and such persons
shall serve as chairman, either in turn or in accordance
with such distribution of duties, and subject to such
provisions as to inability to serve and other
circumstances, as the persons on the said panel may,
with the approval of the Prime Minister, establish;
( b ) the two other members of the Tribunal shall be
selected by the Chairman of the Tribunal to represent,
so far as may be equally, the interests in dispute, from
two panels of persons (being persons who are neither
advocates nor legal procurators) appointed by the
Minister to serve as members of the Tribunal as
occasion may require, one panel consisting of persons
nominated by trade unions and the other panel
consisting of persons nominated by employers’
associations and other organizations representing
employers:
                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
         Provided that if the parties to a trade dispute agree,
within such time as the Chairman shall fix for the
purpose, on the selection of the two members who are
to sit with the Chairman, the Chairman shall make the
selection according to that agreement.
(3) In all cases of alleged unfair dismissal the Tribunal shall
consist of the Chairman alone.
(4) In all cases in which the Government, or any body or
company referred to in article 32(3), is a party, the Tribunal shall,
at the option of the members of the Joint Negotiating Council
representing trade unions exercised as hereinafter provided, consist
either - 
( a ) of a chairman and two other members appointed and
serving as provided in sub-article (2) except that the
member who is to represent the interest of the
Government or other body or company as aforesaid
shall be a person appointed  ad hoc  by the Prime
Minister; or
( b ) of a chairman alone, being one of a panel of two
persons who shall be appointed by the Prime Minister,
as may from time to time be required, one from a list
of three persons nominated by the members of the
Joint Negotiating Council representing the
Government and one from a list of three persons
nominated by the other members of the said Council
and of whom one at least is acceptable to the Prime
Minister, and who shall serve as chairman in turn.
(5) The option referred to in sub-article (4) shall be exercised
at the first meeting of the Joint Negotiating Council held after the
expiration of ten days following every appointment made by the
Prime Minister under paragraph ( b ) of sub-article (4) and shall
remain valid and binding on all parties concerned until all
appointments which are still operative at the time of the exercise of
the option remain so operative:
   Provided that if the option aforesaid is not exercised as
provided in this sub-article it shall be deemed to have been
exercised in favour of the composition of the Tribunal as provided
in sub-article (4)( a ).
(6) The Prime Minister may, from time to time, as he shall see
fit and after consultation as provided in sub-article (2)( a ), vary the
composition of the panel referred to in that paragraph, but a person
actually serving as chairman of the Tribunal shall, notwithstanding
the removal of his name from the panel, continue so to serve in the
proceedings in which he is serving as chairman until the conclusion
of those proceedings and for the purpose of the interpretation of
any award given therein.
(7) The Minister may, from time to time, as he shall see fit,
request fresh nominations from the trade unions, associations and
organizations referred to in sub-article (2)( b ), and may vary the
composition of the panels referred to in that sub-article
  20      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
accordingly, but no person actually serving as a member of the
Tribunal shall have his name removed from the panel whilst
proceedings in respect of which he was selected as a member are
still pending before the Tribunal.
Cap. 12.
(8) The Minister shall also designate a public officer to be
Secretary of the Tribunal, and may also detail other public officers
to assist the Secretary in the performance of his duties. The
Secretary of the Tribunal shall have  mutatis mutandis  such powers
and duties as are by the Code of Organization and Civil Procedure
vested in the Registrar of Courts.
(9) The registry of the Tribunal shall be the Registry of the
Superior Courts; and the records of the Tribunal shall be kept
therein.
Reference to 
Tribunal.
27. (1) Where steps taken by the Minister under article 22 to
promote an amicable settlement of a trade dispute have not resulted
in a settlement, any of the parties may notify the Minister in writing
accordingly.
(2) Where all the parties to a trade dispute agree to refer the
dispute to the Industrial Tribunal, they may request the Minister in
writing to refer the dispute to the Tribunal.
(3) Upon receipt of a notification under sub-article (1), or of a
request under sub-article (2), or upon receipt of a notification under
article 25(5), and upon being satisfied that the notification or
request has been received from a  bona fide  employer or from an
employers’ association or from a trade union representing the
interests of the workers concerned in the dispute, and in the case of
a notification under article 25 that it has been received from the
Chairman of the Joint Negotiating Council, the Minister shall refer
the dispute to the Tribunal for settlement by it; and he shall do so
within twenty-one days from the date of the notification or request
unless, in his discretion, the special circumstances of the case make
it necessary or desirable to postpone such a reference.
(4) The Minister may refer to the Tribunal for advice, any
matter relating to or arising out of a trade dispute, or trade disputes
generally, or trade disputes of any class, or any other matter which
in his opinion ought to be so referred.
Unfair dismissals. 
Amended by: 
XXIII. l986.2.
28. (1) Notwithstanding any other law, the Industrial Tribunal
shall have the exclusive jurisdiction to consider and decide all
cases of alleged unfair dismissals for all purposes other than
proceedings in respect of an offence against any enactment, and the
remedy of a worker so dismissed for breach of his right not to be
unfairly dismissed shall be by way of reference of his complaint to
the Industrial Tribunal and not otherwise:
Cap. 171. 
Cap. 214.
   Provided that nothing in this sub-article shall be construed as
affecting the provisions of the Constitution of Malta with respect to
public officers or shall affect the operation of the Port Workers
Ordinance, or of the Public Transport (Regulation of Employment)
Act, and in this article the expression "worker" does not include
public officers or any person to whom the Ordinance or the Act
                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
aforesaid applies:
   Provided further that, where immediately before the
commencement of this Act proceedings in respect of an alleged
unfair dismissal are pending before any court of competent
jurisdiction, any such proceedings may be continued before that
court and that court, and any other court to which an appeal may be
made therefrom, shall continue to have jurisdiction to consider and
decide such case.
(2) Where it is alleged that a worker has been unfairly
dismissed by an employer, the matter shall be referred by the
Minister to the Tribunal for a decision by it either upon a
notification or request received by him under article 27(1) or (2), or
upon a request for such reference made in writing by the worker
claiming to have been unfairly dismissed or by some other person
acting in his name and on his behalf; and in respect of any
notification or request made as aforesaid, the provisions of article
27(3) shall apply.
(3) In cases of alleged unfair dismissal referred to in this
article, any notification or request mentioned in the last preceding
sub-article shall be made to the Minister not later than four months *
from the effective date of the dismissal.
Procedure of the 
Tribunal.
Amended by:
XXIV.1995.360.
Cap. 12.
29. (1) The Chairman of the Tribunal may be challenged, or
shall abstain, from sitting in any of the circumstances set out in
article 734 of the Code of Organization and Civil Procedure; and in
any such case the provisions of Sub-Title II of Title II of Book
Third of that Code shall apply in so far as they are applicable and
subject to the other provisions of this Act.
(2) Any member of the Tribunal other than the Chairman may
be challenged, or shall abstain, if he has given evidence in any
court of inquiry or before a conciliator concerning the trade dispute
before the Tribunal, or if any party to the dispute proposes to call
him as a witness; and in any such case, and in the case of any other
lawful impediment of any such member, he shall be replaced by
another person selected by the Chairman from the appropriate panel
referred to in article 26(3)( b ), or, in any case in which article
26(4)( a ) applies, by another person appointed  ad hoc  by the Prime
Minister.
(3) Before taking cognizance of any trade dispute or other
matter or complaint brought before the Tribunal, the Chairman, if
he does not hold judicial office, and the members of the Tribunal
shall take an oath to examine and decide the dispute, matter or
complaint with equity and impartiality and in accordance with this
Act. Where the Chairman holds judicial office the oath shall be
administered by him to the other members; in other cases the oath
shall be taken before the Attorney General.
* See  article 2 of Act XXIII of 1986.
  22      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
General powers of 
the Tribunal. 
Amended by:
XXIV.1995.362.
Cap. 12.
30. (1) The Tribunal shall have such powers as are by the
Code of Organization and Civil Procedure vested in the Civil
Court, First Hall.
(2) Without prejudice to the foregoing provision of this article,
the Tribunal shall have the power to summon witnesses and to
administer the oath, to appoint assessors, and to require any person
who appears to it to have special knowledge of any relevant matter,
or of any of the matters to which the trade dispute or complaint
referred to it relates, or of the matter referred to it, to furnish in
writing or otherwise, and to confirm on oath, such opinion and such
particulars relating to that dispute, matter or complaint as the
Tribunal may require, and may authorise any person to administer
the oath for that purpose.
Cap. 108.
(3) Witnesses shall be paid fees in accordance with the
Witnesses (Fees) Ordinance.
Further provisions 
with respect to the 
Tribunal.  Amended 
by: XXVIII. 
1989.2.
31. (1) The Tribunal shall deal with the trade dispute, matter
or complaint referred to it, and shall make its award or give its
decision or furnish its advice without delay and whenever
practicable within fourteen days from the date of the reference.
(2) The case for any party to a dispute may be presented by the
party itself which may choose to be represented or aided by a
person or persons of its trust.
(3) Subject to the provisions of this Act and to any rules made
or deemed to be made under this article, the Tribunal shall regulate
its own procedure. Whatever the procedure adopted, the Tribunal
shall endeavour to ensure that justice is done according to the
substantive merits of the case; and, subject to the rules of natural
justice, the Tribunal shall reach its conclusions on any matter in
such a manner as it deems appropriate.
(4) The Tribunal shall hold its sittings in public unless, having
regard to the nature of the dispute or other matter before it, it deems
it proper to conduct the proceedings or part thereof in private and
none of the parties to the case objects.
(5) Where the members of the Tribunal are more than one and
they are unable to agree as to their award, decision or advice, the
matter shall be decided by the Chairman acting with full powers of
an umpire.
(6) The Minister may make rules establishing the procedure to
be followed by and before the Tribunal and otherwise making such
provisions with respect to such proceedings as he may deem
necessary or expedient.
(7) Any rules made under article 14(8) of the Conciliation and
Arbitration Act, 1948 *  and in force immediately before the coming
into force of this Act, shall continue in force until they are revoked
or substituted by rules made under sub-article (6) and subject to
any amendments so made thereto, and shall be deemed to have been
made under that sub-article and shall be treated and dealt with
*Repealed by sub-article (1) of article 36 of the Act as originally enacted which article
has been omitted under the Statute Law Revision Act, 1980.
                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
accordingly.
Fees.  
Added by: 
XXIII. 1986.3.
31A. (1) The Minister may by regulations prescribe the fees
payable to any person representing the parties in proceedings
before the Tribunal.
(2) The Tribunal shall in its award or decision tax the fees of
the person or persons representing either party in accordance with
the Tariff made under the preceding sub-article.
(3) No person shall charge fees in excess of those taxed by the
Tribunal or in the absence of such taxation, in excess of the Tariff.
(4) Any party who is charged fees in excess of this article may
claim back the excess by a written request to the Tribunal, which
shall thereupon order the person to whom the excess was paid to
refund it to that party.
(5) If the Tribunal finds that there was gross overcharging it
may order the person so overcharging to pay a penalty not
exceeding one thousand liri to the Secretary, who shall upon
receiving that penalty transmit it to the Consolidated Fund.
Cap.12.
(6) An order for reimbursement made in terms of sub-article
(4) and an order to pay a penalty made in terms of sub-article (5),
shall be an executive title for all intents and purposes of the Code
of Organization and Civil Procedure and shall be enforceable as
such by the Civil Court, First Hall in the same manner and by the
same means laid down in that Code.
Provisions 
affecting awards 
and decision of 
Tribunal.
32. (1) In giving any award, decision or advice, the Tribunal
shall take into consideration the social policies of the Government
based on principles of social justice and the requirements of any
national development plan and other economic policies of the
Government in the course of implementation, and shall endeavour
to ensure that its award, decision or advice is in furtherance of any
such policies and plans.
(2) Where any matter before the Tribunal concerns or relates to
public officers - 
( a ) the Tribunal shall ensure that there is no encroachment
on the functions of the Public Service Commission,
and shall abstain from taking cognizance of any matter
which is within the functions of that Commission; and
( b ) any award or decision of the Tribunal shall be subject
to the overriding authority of the House of
Representatives.
(3) Where the matter before the Tribunal concerns or relates to
persons employed with bodies corporate established by law and
managed by a board or other body appointed by the Government or
to persons employed with companies in which the Government has
a controlling interest, any award or decision of the Tribunal shall
endeavour to establish or maintain due relativity between the terms
and conditions of those employees and the terms and conditions of
public officers. 
(4) The Tribunal shall not make any award or decision which is
  24      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
inconsistent with any enactment, or other instrument having the
force of law, regulating wages and other terms and conditions of
employment.
Powers of Tribunal 
in cases of 
dismissal.
33. (1) Where on a complaint for unfair dismissal referred to
the Tribunal under article 27 or 28, the Tribunal - 
( a ) finds that the grounds of the complaint are well-
founded, and
( b ) considers that it would be practicable and in
accordance with equity, for the complainant to be
reinstated or re-engaged by the employer, 
the Tribunal shall make an order to that effect, stating the terms on
which it considers that it would be reasonable for the complainant
to be so reinstated or re-engaged:
   Provided that where the complainant is employed in such
managerial or executive post as requires a special trust in the
person of the holder of that post or in his ability to perform the
duties thereof, the Tribunal shall not order the reinstatement or re-
engagement of the complainant; but where the complainant was
appointed or selected to such post as aforesaid by his fellow
workers the Tribunal may order his reinstatement or re-engagement
in the post held by him before such appointment or selection.
(2) Where on a complaint as aforesaid the Tribunal finds that
the grounds for the complaint are well-founded, but does not make
an order for reinstatement or re-engagement as aforesaid, the
Tribunal shall make an award of compensation, to be paid by the
employer to the complainant, in respect of the dismissal.
Effects of awards 
or decisions by 
Tribunal.
34. (1) Any decision or award made by the Tribunal shall be
binding on the employers and workers to whom the decision or
award relates and, as from the date of such decision or award, or as
from such date as may be specified therein, not being earlier than
the date to which a decision or award may be made retrospective, it
shall be an implied term of the contract between the employers and
workers to whom the decision or award relates that the rate of
wages to be paid and the conditions of employment to be observed
under the contract shall be in accordance with such decision or
award until varied by subsequent decision or award, or by a
subsequent voluntary settlement or other binding agreement:
   Provided that it shall not be open to either of the parties to seek
by unilateral action a revision of any award or decision of the
Tribunal before the expiration of at least one year from the date of
such award or decision.
(2) A decision or award of the Tribunal may be made
retrospective to a date which, in the case of an unfair dismissal, is
not earlier than the date of such dismissal, and, in any other case is
not earlier than the date on which the trade dispute to which the
decision or award relates first arose.
                                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ġ CAP. 266.                
Cap. 12.
(3) The enforcement of the awards and decisions of the
Tribunal shall be carried out in the manner prescribed in this Act
and in the Code of Organization and Civil Procedure, and shall vest
in the Tribunal itself.
Interpretation of 
awards and 
decisions of 
Tribunal.  Amended 
by: 
XIII. 1983.5.
35. (1) If any question arises as to the interpretation of any
award or decision of the Tribunal (other than a decision under this
article), the Minister or any party to the proceedings may apply to
the Tribunal for a decision of such question and the Tribunal shall
decide the matter after hearing the parties or, if the parties have so
agreed, without any such hearing. The decision of the Tribunal
shall be notified to the parties and shall be binding in the same
manner as if it had formed part of the original award.
(2) For the purposes of this article the membership of the
Tribunal shall be as far as may be reasonably possibly identical to
the membership of the Tribunal when it made the award the
interpretation of which is requested.
(3) If during the hearing of any application made under sub-
article (1), the Tribunal finds that the application is vexatious, the
Tribunal may order the offending party to pay to the other party a
penalty not exceeding fifty liri. Any such penalty shall be
recoverable as a civil debt.
PART IV
SUPPLEMENTARY 
Application of Act 
to government 
employees.
36. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, and without
prejudice to the special provisions therein contained with respect to
public officers, the provisions of this Act, other than the provisions
of articles 22 and 24 and the provisions relating to dismissals or
termination of employment, shall have effect in relation to
government employment and to workers who are government
employees as they have in relation to other employment and to
other workers. The provisions excluded by this sub-article shall not
apply to government employees.
(2) In this article "government employment" means
employment under or for the purposes of a government department,
otherwise than as a member of a disciplined force, and
"government employee" means a person who for the time being is
in government employment.
Expenses 
necessary for 
putting Act in 
operation.
37. All expenses required to put into operation the provisions
of this Act, including the expenses of the Tribunal and of any
council, court of inquiry or of any person appointed by or under
this Act, shall be a charge on and be paid out of the Consolidated
Fund.
  26      CAP. 266. ħ                 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
Added by: 
XXVIII.1977.5.
SCHEDULE 
ġA R T I C L E  18(6)ħ
List and number of offices required to be manned at all times for
the continued provision by the Government of essential services to
the community.
Offices 
(including the senior posts thereof or any conjoint 
posts therewith)
Number  
Resident Medical Superintendent .......................... 1
Physician ............................................................ 3
Child Health Officer (Paediatrician) ...................... 1
Surgeon .............................................................. 3
Orthopaedic Surgeon ............................................ 1
Accoucher (Obstetrician and Gynaecologist) ......... 2
Anaesthetist ........................................................ 4
E.N.T. Surgeon .................................................... 1
Ophthalmic Surgeon ............................................. 1
Radiologist in Radiotherapy Department ............... 1
Radiologist in X-Ray Department ......................... 1
Bacteriologist ...................................................... 1
Pathologist .......................................................... 1
Chest Specialist ................................................... 1
Public Health Laboratory Officer .......................... 1
Psychiatrist (including the Office of Resident
Physician Superintendent and of Psychiatrist
and Resident Deputy Superintendent) .............. 1
Medical Officer i/c Skin and VD Department ........ 1
Medical Officer (Diabetes Clinic) ......................... 1
Resident Assistant to Consultant 
Performing duties 
in Medicine ...............................................
  in Surgery ................................................. 
in Obstetrics and Gynaecology .................. 
in Anaesthesia ..........................................
2
4
2
1
Resident Medical Officer ...................................... 5
Resident Doctor (House Physician/Surgeon) ......... 20
Port Medical Officer ............................................ 2
