Sociological perspectives
Sociologists study the ways in which society defines our sexual scripts. At the macro-level of analysis, sociologists investigate the ways in which institutions such as religion, the economy, the family, medicine, and the law influence sexuality. At the sub cultural level, our social class or ethnic group may shape our sexuality. At an interpersonal level we are socialized by others--such as parents and peers--as to the appropriate norms for sexual expression. Reiss's sociological theory argues that all societies regard sexuality as important because it is associated with great physical pleasure and self-disclosure.

Major sociological influences
The mass media- Shape sexual views, often stereotypes, confuse cultural beliefs systems. Religions-control sexual behaviours with the authority of "revelation", intrinsic rightness Laws-mirror cultural beliefs. Aim to control behaviours through protection and prohibition.

There must be a large degree of predictability of behaviour for social organization to survive and function. Of greater importance than the sexual acts themselves is whether they constitute expected and understood patterns of behaviour to which people know how to react. An unexpected or misunderstood act surprises and upsets people, and such acts are then labeled deviant." Masters, Johnson, Kolodny, 1982

Anthropological View
Human behaviour is largely determined by societal conditioning. However these processes operate within limits set by evolution, biology and genetics. We all have some inherited sexual drive that is instinctive rather than learned. Similarly, we all have limits to our sexual capacities that are set by our genetically determined physiology and not by learning or conditioning. These limits, both floors and ceilings are quite wide and consequently learning and conditioning can cause enormous differences in sexual behaviours and capacities.

Sexuality and Culture
Purpose of studying cultural norms: Role that cultural norms play Reveal influences that are not culture dependent, such as biological factors